There are very many reasons why people raise awareness for various causes, to name but a few :
- To inform/educate
- To raise funds for a particular cause
- To invite support
Often, for parents of a child/children with special needs, these Awareness Days run a little deeper as they also:
- Offer others a momentary insight into the challenges our children deal with
- Provide a united platform for the celebration of having overcome some of these challenges
- Prompt discussion which can result in new connections made with other parents
We look forward to sharing whatever information we have on hand as each Awareness Day comes around, beginning with the most current - World RTS Day (World Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome Day) which took place recently on the 3rd of July...
RUBINSTEIN-TAYBI SYNDROME
Genetics
Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome is a rare, congenital multisystem disorder which was first recorded in 1963 by Drs Jack Rubinstein and Hooshang Taybi, with there being at least 730 cases recorded in medical literature since then. With exact statistics being unclear, it is estimated that around 1 in 300 000 to 1 in 720 000 people are affected by Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome.
Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome occurs when a random mutation takes place on the short arm of Chromosome 16, primarily causing genetic changes to one of the following two genes :
EP300 Gene
CREB Gene
Affected individuals with mutations/deletions affecting the CREB Gene (which is the Gene responsible for producing the Binding Protein) are at a higher risk for certain malignancies, e.g. Nasopharyngeal Rhabdomyosarcoma, Neurilemoma, Leukemia, etc.
Neurological
Tethered Spinal Cord ; Spina Bifida Occulta ; Agenesis/Partial Agenesis of the Corpus Collosum; Low Muscle Tone ; Structural Abnormalities ; Seizures ; Moderate to severe intellectual disability
Muskuloskeletal
Angulated thumbs and/or big toes ; high risk for Scoliosis and Kyphosis, Craniofacial abnormalities ; delayed bone age ; short stature
Cardiology
A third of affected individuals have heart defects, with 65% of those having a single defect and the remainder two or multiple defects.
Gastroenterology
GERD ; chronic constipation due to poor muscle tone and a thickening of the bowel wall ; Eosinophilic Esophagitis
Genitourinary
Cryptorchidism (failure of one or both testes to descend into scrotum) - males ; underdeveloped (hypoplastic) or absent kidney(s), repeated infections of the urinary tract, abnormal deposits of mineral salts in the kidneys (nephrolithiasis or kidney stones), unusual accumulation of urine in the kidney (hydronephrosis), and/or backflow (reflux) of urine into the tubes (ureters) that normally bring urine to the bladder. In some cases, duplication of the kidneys and/or ureters may also be present.
Opthalmology
Glaucoma ; Lacrimal Duct Obstruction ; Strabismus ; Nystagmus ; Myopia
Respiratory
Abnormalities of the respiratory system often result in breathing and swallowing difficulties ; soft/collapsible larynx wall ; sleep apnoea
Development
90% of all affected individuals experience speech delays and remain mostly non-verbal, however, have proven to be largely successful with alternate means of communication such as signing, AAC's, etc. Reaching milestones varies considerably as each individual seems to progress at their own unique pace but almost all require intervention therapy of some sort (speech/physio/occupational therapy)
Diagnosis
In South Africa, as in many countries, comprehensive genetic testing for RTS is not available with a Clinical Diagnosis forming the foundation upon which to make a diagnosis based on the characteristic physical features together with the related symptoms/conditions (not all individuals are affected by all of the symptoms/conditions and often not to the same degree either).
OUR RTS HERO - SAM
Follow Sam's blog at Sam The Conqueror
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